Incitation to Desire (Tango)

Incitation to Desire (Tango), for clarinet, horn (or viola), violin, violoncello, percussion and piano (1984/1993), was originally written as a solo piano work (Edition Peters No. 67596b) for Yvar Mikhashoff who first performed it at the North American New Music Festival in Buffalo on April 14, 1985 and whose recording of it appears on a New Albion release in 1995. A version for solo marimba, commissioned by Makoto Nakura, was first performed in Kyoto on June 11, 2006. It was originally published by Quadrivium Music Press as part of the International Tango Collection which included 88 composers as varied as John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Virgil Thomson. The Skaneateles Festival commissioned this version which was premiered on September 3, 1993 and is dedicated to pianist Robert Weirich and ‘cellist Lindsay Groves. It is in one short movement starting with a brief, flashy introduction, then the tango itself entitled “In the style of a tango-canción” (originally a vocal form with instrumental accompaniment and strong sentimental character) with abstracted characteristic habanera rhythmic patterns in 2/4 meter and sentimental melody, and then a brief, driving coda.

This chamber version explores the possibilities of the sensuousness of timbre especially in the combination of violin, ‘cello, clarinet and horn and the resulting dialogues between them – like the “duets” between violin and clarinet, horn and ‘cello, the interweaving an exchange of “partners,” and so on. The percussion and piano give depth to the harmony, heighten the rhythmic drive, and articulate particular colors. The title comes from H. C. Colles’ “Tango” entry in the Fifth Volume of the 1944 Third Edition of Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians: “The movements of the dance are less presentable to a polite audience than those of the Habanera, and as now performed in the cafés chantants of Madrid and other cities of Spain the Tango has become nothing but an incitation to desire.”

Videocassette: 88 Tangos, March 1, 1986, (Yvar Mikhashoff, piano; Jeff Fontaine, lighting), Dance Theater Workshop and Composers’ Forum; Nominated in the Best Instrumental Performance Category, 2nd Annual Gay/Lesbian American Music Awards (GLAMA), 1998, for Incitation to Desire (Tango), for piano (1984), performed by Anthony de Mare on Gay American Composers (CRI CD 721).

"Beguiling, eminently programmable, and performable, the piece might energize a standard solo recital."

"Biscardi's Incitation to Desire (Tango) evokes the steamy sultriness and sad nostalgia of the Argentinian dance."

"This short dance in one movement opens with a brief, brilliant introduction, followed by the tango itself (identified as 'in the style of a tango-canción' — a vocal form with a strong sentimental character), concluding with a short, driving coda. The introduction is a brief, grand flourish, and the main body of the dance alternates between passages of irresistible tango rhythm and brief cadenza-like outbursts (perhaps representing the momentary submission of the dancers to desire). In a forceful coda, guitarlike chords attempt to propel the dance back into frenzied passion, but the new, calmer mood proves inescapable.

"The need for rhythmic control in a somewhat free setting, the extremely specific demands for articulations and dynamics, and the brilliancy of the quasi-cadenzas underscore the technical difficulties of this piece. One page of performance notes explains the differences between the carefully notated gradations for both articulations and dynamics and suggests that performers apply a flexible interpretation to both dynamics and tempos."

" . . . the lascivious Incitation to Desire of Chester Biscardi."

"Biscardi has written a sultry, modern tango — a real charmer."

Incitation to Desire (1984) was written for Yvar Mikhashoff's Tango Project, though its relation to the dance is less in the rhythms than in the sense of superheated Romantics.

In what appear to by transitional pieces - Incitation to Desire (1984), Traverso, for flute and piano (1987), and Companion Piece (1991), Biscardi's harmonies, no matter how arcane, show themselves to be never farther than the proverbial hair's breadth for the mainstream diatonicism that has informed so much of music's recent history. His subtle and often telling vacillation between these at once vastly separated and extremely close harmonic realms imbues these pieces with dynamism and expressiveness.

A short 1984 piano piece by Mr. Biscardi, Incitation to Desire: Tango [sic], was a delicious send-up of grand romanticism. And Mr. Bray [of Voices of Change] played it accordingly. Mr. Bray had the happy idea of having it danced. Doug Hopkins, from the Bruce Wood Dance Company, supplied deft, provocative counterpoint of his own.

. . . the 1984 piano solo Incitation to Desire: Tango [sic] displayed full, luxuriant romanticism. (Fort Worth-based dancer Doug Hopkins, a member of the Bruce Wood Dance Company, choreographed and danced a sturdy, occasionally whimsical setting to the piece that gave a solid and appropriate contrast to Biscardi's florid music.)

Chester Biscardi's Incitation to Desire supplies an evocative title for the CD and a kind of stylistic locus for the many ideas of tango on it. Born in 1948 in Kenosha Wisconsin, he holds the William Schuman Chair in Music at Sarah Lawrence College. His earlier music was "abstract and atonal, but always lyrical and dramatic." Like Michael Sahl, he has over time absorbed "modernisms;" his music is elegant; the chromaticism more Continental than Sahl's, less jazz-tinged. He provides some background and the source of his title:

Incitation to Desire ... was written for Yvar Mikhashoff who first performed it at the North American New Music Festival in Buffalo on April 14, 1985. The title comes from H. C. Colles' "Tango" entry in the Fifth Volume of the 1944 Third Edition of Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians: "The movements of the dance are less presentable to a polite audience than those of the habanera, and as now performed in the cafés chantants of Madrid and other cities of Spain the Tango has become nothing but an incitation to desire."

At a compact 54 bars, Incitation to Desire is built on sections of 2/4 melody "in the style of a tango-canción" (as the score indicates) invoking the sentimental side of tango. The tune appears in several different shapes; initially a seven measure melody, it is then embellished and extended in a variety of ways – "composed" rubato, 3/4 bars at section endings and longer measures of improvisatory arpeggiation. Never repeated in quite the same shape or key, a sense of restless energy and unresolved tension prevails. Abstracted, constantly shifting tango-habanera rhythms and unresolved extended dominant chords contribute to these effects, with as much of Debussy as Gardel.

There is something quite compelling about this combination of dreamy languor and precise, self-assured piano writing; Biscardi has captured an essence of tango without assembling one from old parts or straining for originality. One had to ask, might there be anything of a certain Argentinian in his approach? The composer was parsimonious: "I can't speak to the Piazzolla, I'm afraid."

The second night of Keys to the Future began with Chester Biscardi's Incitation to Desire, a modern tango with the sensuality of a daydream. Pianist David Friend (winner of the festival's first Young Artists Competition), after perhaps a slight bit of "yikes, I'm opening the concert" palpitations, ultimately handled its jazzy spirit with care, settling into Biscardi's burnt-orange universe of florid chords.

There is a vast stylistic range presented here, from Chester Biscardi’s evocative Incitation to Desire, one of the earliest commissions and one of the least overtly reminiscent of the tango’s distinctive rhythm, to the serial approach of Milton Babbitt’s It Takes Twelve to Tango, the minimalism of Tom Johnson’s Tango, the moto perpetuo of Scott Pender’s Tango: Ms. Jackson Dances for the People (referencing Janet Jackson’s What Have You Done For Me Lately) and Frederic Rzewski’s rhythmic, lilting, Steptangle.

Hanna Shybayeva plays Chester Biscardi’s Incitation to Desire note perfectly, yet Yvar Mikhashoff’s sexy inflections and pointing up of juicy cadences are much closer to the music’s curvaceous mark.

Jeanne Golan’s IT TAKES ONE TO TANGO: Works of Contemporary and Recovered Voices Composers is a collection you’re . . . likely to remember for its poise (listen to her soufflé performance of the Tango from the Grosz Suite and her seductive reading of Chester Biscardi’s evocatively slow-burning Incitation to Desire).

The most valuable musicians and music people to me these days are those with the courage and insightful instincts when it comes to music we may have missed or not yet heard.

The title of Biscardi's Incitation to Desire derives from a 1944 Grove Dictionary of Music characterization of the tango as “less presentable to a polite audience” than the habanera and as “nothing but an incitation to desire”; there's certainly little that's vulgar about Golan's enticing rendering of the romantic setting, however.